GIS and Fuzzy-AHP Based Site Selection for Offshore Photovoltaics in Northwest Pacific Coastal Waters
1. Introduction
The growing demand for clean and sustainable energy has accelerated interest in offshore photovoltaic (PV) systems, particularly in coastal regions with high solar potential. This research focuses on the Northwest Pacific coastal waters, where offshore solar energy presents a promising solution to land scarcity and carbon emission reduction. By integrating GIS and Fuzzy-AHP methodologies, the study provides a systematic and scientific approach to identifying optimal offshore PV sites while balancing environmental protection, technical feasibility, and economic viability.
2. Role of GIS in Offshore Photovoltaic Site Selection
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) play a critical role in spatial analysis for offshore PV planning by enabling the visualization and integration of multiple geospatial datasets. Factors such as water depth, distance from shore, solar radiation, seabed conditions, and protected marine areas can be efficiently analyzed using GIS tools. This spatial approach enhances decision accuracy and supports large-scale renewable energy planning in complex marine environments.
3. Application of Fuzzy-AHP in Multi-Criteria Decision Making
Fuzzy-AHP is employed in this study to handle uncertainty and subjectivity in evaluating offshore PV site selection criteria. Unlike traditional AHP, the fuzzy approach allows expert opinions to be expressed in linguistic terms, improving the reliability of weighting factors such as environmental impact, technical constraints, and economic cost. This method strengthens decision-making quality in renewable energy research.
4. Environmental and Technical Constraints in Coastal Waters
Offshore photovoltaic deployment must carefully consider environmental sensitivity and technical limitations. Factors such as marine ecosystems, wave conditions, typhoon frequency, and corrosion risks significantly influence site suitability. This research integrates these constraints into a comprehensive evaluation framework to ensure that offshore PV development aligns with environmental sustainability goals.
5. Sustainable Energy Planning in the Northwest Pacific Region
The Northwest Pacific region offers significant potential for offshore solar energy due to favorable climatic and geographic conditions. This study contributes to regional energy planning by identifying suitable zones that minimize environmental conflict while maximizing energy output. The findings support policymakers and researchers in promoting sustainable marine energy strategies.
6. Implications for Future Renewable Energy Research and Policy
The integration of GIS and Fuzzy-AHP provides a replicable framework for offshore renewable energy assessment worldwide. This research not only advances academic understanding but also informs policy formulation, investment decisions, and long-term energy strategies. Future studies can expand this approach by incorporating real-time data, climate change scenarios, and hybrid offshore energy systems.
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