Decarbonization Pathways for the Pulp and Paper Industry: A Comprehensive Review

The pulp and paper industry is a vital part of the global economy, but it is also among the most energy- and resource-intensive sectors, contributing significantly to greenhouse gas emissions. As climate change mitigation becomes an urgent priority, decarbonization strategies for this industry are gaining momentum. This comprehensive review explores technological, operational, and policy-driven pathways to achieve low-carbon operations.


Key solutions include transitioning to renewable energy sources, improving energy efficiency in pulping and drying processes, adopting carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies, and integrating circular economy principles such as recycling and waste heat recovery. Innovative biorefinery approaches, where mills produce bio-based chemicals and fuels alongside paper, also offer significant emission reduction potential.

Furthermore, digitalization and advanced process controls can optimize production, reduce waste, and minimize energy consumption. Policy frameworks, carbon pricing mechanisms, and industry collaborations are essential to accelerate the transition. By adopting these pathways, the pulp and paper sector can align with global net-zero targets, strengthen competitiveness, and drive sustainable growth.

The future of paper is not just about what we print—it’s about how we produce it, ensuring that every sheet tells a story of innovation, responsibility, and climate action.

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